Echelon-Mode Formation

摘要: The mechanism of the deformation pattern change cylindrical soil specimens at later stage has been presented in Chapter 12. In this chapter, we move on to investigate formation earlier stage. Photo 13.1 displays: (a) a diamond pattern; (b) an oblique stripe pattern; and (c) an echelon mode of sand and observed early particular, mode denotes a series parallel short wrinkles arranged with similar intervals, as depicted bottom-right 13.1. Moreover, patterns appear ubiquitously for materials, shown Photos 13.2 13.3 rock steel, regardless their shape size. can, example, be found various materials: soils (e.g., Ikeda, Murota, Nakano, 1994 [92]), rocks Pollard, Segal, Delaney, 1982 [151]; Davis, 1984 [35]; Petit, 1988 [147]), metals Bai Dodd, 1992 [10]; Duszek—Perzyna Perzyna, 1993 [42]; Poirier, 1985 [150]).