Innate Immune Mechanisms: Nonself Recognition

摘要: The initial defence of the body against pathogens relies on innate immune system. system recognises unique molecular patterns expressed by pathogens, referred to as pathogen-associated (PAMPs), through receptors known pattern recognition molecules (PRMs). PRMs are a diverse range and include secreted proteins, transmembrane proteins cytosolic proteins. These sense extracellular intracellular induce number responses help aid in pathogen destruction including phagocytosis opsonisation, cytokine production activation complement. In addition sensing, host cells express complement regulatory that protect them from attack alternative pathway activation, whereas foreign organisms lack these protective are, therefore, susceptible attack. Key Concepts The (PAMPs) pathogens. Cells large (PRM) bind PAMPs. PRMs membrane-associated proteins. PRMs mechanisms upon PAMPs, phagocytosis, activation. Host mechanisms. Keywords: innate immunity; self–nonself discrimination; pattern molecules; pathogen-associated patterns; C-type lectins; collectins; Toll-like receptors; nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing (NLRs); complement