Improving political deliberation-Response.

摘要: We agree with Castree that higher-quality deliberation among representatives is indeed a key element for renewing our democracies. More and better in representative institutions might produce more publicly acceptable sustainable policies. A deliberative citizenry can help achieve this goal. Empirical research of political systems the United States Europe ([ 1 ][1], [ 2 ][2]) shows under appropriate conditions—namely, coalition settings, second chambers to check power, secrecy, low party discipline, issue polarization, strong presence moderate parties—genuine be found legislatures. This also demonstrates good not easy lack favorable conditions. Under normal conditions adversarial such as Kingdom—namely, partisan competition high polarization—high-quality rare. Therefore, we need think about reforms would facilitate institutions. Given institutional (for instance, direction consensual procedures) are rare, elite could greatly benefit from being exposed citizen deliberation. For reason, emphasized idea citizens lead way. As explained context Irish example, helped make interactions Dail (Irish parliament) deliberative, especially on highly divisive abortion. Moreover, has shown direct exchanges between their constituents rebuild trust truly engage citizens' policy views 3 ][3]). Renewal democracies requires citizens, politicians, them. 1. [↵][4]1. J. Bessette , The Mild Voice Reason: Deliberative Democracy American National Government (University Chicago Press, 1994). 2. [↵][5]1. Steiner, 2. A. Bachtiger, 3. M. Sporndli, 4. Steenbergen Politics Action: Analysing Parliamentary Discourse (Cambridge University 2004). 3. [↵][6]1. Neblo, K. Esterling, D. Lazer People: Building Directly Representative 2018). [1]: #ref-1 [2]: #ref-2 [3]: #ref-3 [4]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference text" [5]: #xref-ref-2-1 [6]: #xref-ref-3-1 text"