The opacity of grains in protoplanetary atmospheres

摘要: Abstract We have computed the size distribution of silicate grains in outer radiative region envelope a protoplanet evolving according to scenario Pollack et al. [Pollack, J.B., Hubickyj, O., Bodenheimer, P., Lissauer, J.J., Podolak, M., Greenzweig, Y., 1996. Icarus 124, 62–85]. Our computation includes grain growth due Brownian motion and overtake smaller by larger ones. also include input new breakup planetesimals atmosphere. follow procedure Podolak [Podolak, 2003. 165, 428–437], but speeded it up significantly. This allows us test sensitivity code various parameters. made more careful estimate resulting opacity. find that opacity is order 10 −2 cm 2 g −1 throughout most zone as Hubickyj [Hubickyj, 2005. 179, 415–431] assumed for their low case, near edge envelope, can increase ∼ 1 . discuss effect this on evolution models.