The linkages between deforestation, energy and growth for environmental degradation in Pakistan
作者： Khalid Ahmed , Muhammad Shahbaz , Ahmer Qasim , Wei Long , None
DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOLIND.2014.09.040
关键词: Energy consumption 、 Distributed lag 、 Variables 、 Deforestation 、 Kuznets curve 、 Cointegration 、 Population 、 Environmental degradation 、 Economics 、 Econometrics
摘要: Abstract This study explores the validation of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for Pakistan using time series data from 1980–2013 with deforestation as an indicator (dependent variable) environmental degradation, and four independent variables (economic growth, energy consumption, trade openness, population) were also examined. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration VECM–Granger causality test applied. results confirmed existence among both in long- short-run paths. However, diminishing negative impact economic growth on long-run confirms EKC Pakistan. Moreover, consumption Granger cause deforestation. A bidirectional causal effect is detected between however, long-run, openness consumption. was designed several significant tests ensure reliability policy use contribute future studies environment-growth-energy nexus.
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