Pleistocene Speciation in Birds living in the High Andes

摘要: THE South American Andes were brought to their present height by the final uplift phases of late Pliocene and Pleistocene1–6 an alpine-like vegetation (locally called paramo or puna7–14) developed in terrain thus produced. It follows that evolution associated paramo-puna fauna multiple speciation situ should have taken place mostly entirely during Quaternary, so occurrence within this be a convenient guide possible rate Pleistocene.