Pregnancy-Related Extracellular Vesicles Revisited

摘要: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small ranging from 20-200 nm to 10 μm in diameter that discharged and taken by many different types of cells. Depending on the nature quantity their content-which generally includes proteins, lipids as well microRNAs (miRNAs), messenger-RNA (mRNA), DNA-these particles can bring about functional modifications receiving During pregnancy, placenta and/or fetal-derived EVs have recently been isolated, eliciting interest discovering clinical significance. To date, various studies associated variations circulating levels maternal fetal contents, with complications including gestational diabetes preeclampsia, ultimately leading adverse pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, also identified messengers important players viral infections during congenital malformations. Their presence be detected blood first trimester level increases towards term, thus acting liquid biopsies give invaluable insight into status feto-placental unit. However, exact roles metabolic vascular adaptations physiological pathological is still under investigation. Analyzing peer-reviewed journal articles available online databases, purpose this review synthesize current knowledge regarding utility quantification related general placental particular non-invasive evidence dysfunction outcomes, develop understanding these applicability practice.