Cross-seasonal patterns of avian influenza virus in breeding and wintering migratory birds: a flyway perspective.

摘要: The spread of avian influenza viruses (AIV) in nature is intrinsically linked with the movements wild birds. Wild birds are reservoirs for virus and their migration may facilitate circulation AIV between breeding wintering areas. This cycle dispersal has become widely accepted; however, there few studies that present cross-seasonal information. A flyway perspective critical understanding how contribute to persistence over large spatial temporal scales, implications focus surveillance efforts identify risks public health. study characterized spatio-temporal infection patterns 10,389 waterfowl at two important locations within Pacific Flyway--breeding sites Interior Alaska California's Central Valley during 2007-2009. Among dabbling ducks sampled, northern shoveler (Anas clypeata) had highest prevalence both (32.2%) (5.2%) locations. contrast conducted other flyways have identified mallard platyrhynchos) pintail acuta) as hosts prevalence. higher diversity subtypes was apparent (n=42) compared (n=17), evidence mixed infections Our suggests act an mixing bowl transmission among a flyway, creating opportunities reassortment virus. findings shed light on dynamics bird populations can vary ends migratory flyway.