Reindeer herding and modern forestry

摘要: Forestry and reindeer herding are the two geographically most extensive forms of forest utilisation throughout northern parts Sweden today. Until 18th century interior were predominately occupied by native Sami people. From mid-18th area was rapidly colonized farmers. In late 19th forestry, first in form high-grading larger trees later as sustainable management, introduced to vast inland forests Sweden. The overall aims this thesis characterise analyze different aspects effects modern forestry on ecosystem northernmost past, up present time, their consequent each other. Two have been particular interest: (i) practice herders cut feed with arboreal lichens, (ii) practices important for winter grazing. investigations based a combination field surveys, dendrochronological analysis, analysis historical records including maps landscape analysis. main findings 1) cutting lichen fodder widespread until beginning 20th century. Scots pine Norway spruce abundant cover cut, practise performed purposes, emergency feeding during harsh winters gather reindeers movements. 2) Early (logging old sparse forests) did not adversely affect grazing conditions reindeer. 3) fragmentation use various measures greatly accelerated introduction clear-cutting mid-20th had predominantly negative influence areas. conclusion is that has mainly herding, especially since Despite this, able adjust major changes land-use last few centuries. Historical information, preferably achieved from several methods, provide background current conflicts areas give insights into longer trends changes.