Herbivores and pathogens on willow: do they affect each other?

摘要: 1 Willows often need to cope with attack by both rust fungi and herbivores. We studied whether infection on willow affects the herbivore, vice versa, herbivore feeding fungal infection. The system investigated laboratory bioassays greenhouse experiments consisted of hybrid Salix × cuspidata, Melampsora allii-fragilis leaf beetle Plagiodera versicolora. Effects were a local scale (rust same leaf) systemically different, but adjacent leaves). 2 Rust was not affected scale. Systemically, however, willow's susceptibility towards increased feeding, as indicated higher number sori leaves feeding-damaged leaves. herbivore's performance detrimentally infection: increase mortality (systemically), decrease larval weight (locally systemically) prolonging developmental time systemically). 3 Previous enhanced subsequent Previous had no effects mortality. However, upon previously significantly reduced weight.