Habitat connectivity and matrix restoration: the wider implications of agri-environment schemes

摘要: Summary 1 The spread and intensification of agriculture are recognized as two the most important global threats to wildlife. There clear links between agricultural change declines in biodiversity across a wide range systems, convincing evidence that reversing these changes leads recovery wildlife populations. 2 Nearly 4 billion euros now paid annually through agri-environment schemes (AES) farmers Europe North America make environmental improvements their land. Where appropriately designed targeted, have proved successful farmland populations. 3 We argue insights gained from island biogeography metapopulation theory, theoretical empirical assessments landscape connectivity suggest AES may carry substantial wider benefits, which so far not been considered design deployment such schemes. ‘Softening’ land could offset some negative impacts on loss fragmentation non-agricultural habitats; allow species adapt climate change; slow alien invasive species; contribute positively coherence key protected area networks. Indeed, might represent only viable way counter threats. 4 We outline number ways benefits be taken account characteristics likely benefit them. 5 Synthesis applications. Agri-environment bring significant habitats other than by restoring matrix separates them. Theoretical research suggests restoration improves ecosystem functions. they available, therefore mechanism for addressing pandemic problems change. Little consideration has given conservation applications design, monitoring AES.