Ensuring access to essential medicines: some economic considerations.

摘要: This symposium is a welcome addition to international deliberations about how ensure an adequate and sustainable supply of essential medicines patients in poor countries. The complexities this task are great involve issues basic human rights politics economics. paper describes analyzes certain central economic questions including benefits from wider access treatment for debilitating diseases developing countries the nature dynamic market failures methods establishing effective price differentiation additional contributions required terms foreign assistance meeting critical health needs. scope problems facing poorest nations immense tragic. For example it estimated that approximately 3 million people who died HIV/AIDS 2001 2.3 these were Sub-Saharan Africa. Mortality malaria be over 1 deaths each year with vast majority occurring among young children Tuberculosis (TB) kills perhaps 2 per one-third worlds population currently infected TB bacillus. only one result; three alone removed 168 disability-adjusted life years living standards worldwide most losses cost reduced productivity labor force participation significant. Studies suggest South African GDP will 17 percent lower 2010 would without reducing output by 22 billion dollars. fiscal costs imposed on care budgets as progress also large. (excerpt)