Annoyance due to air pollution in Europe.

摘要: determinants. Methods This study took place in the context of European Community Respiratory Health Survey II (ECRHS II) that was conducted during 1999–2001. It included 25 centres 12 countries and 7867 randomly selected adults from general population. Annoyance due to air pollution self-reported on an 11-point scale. Annual mean mass concentration fine particles (PM2.5) its sulphur (S) content were measured 21 as a surrogate urban pollution. Results Forty-three per cent participants reported moderate annoyance (1–5 scale) 14% high (56) with large differences across (2–40% annoyance). Participants Northern less annoyance. Female gender, nocturnal dyspnoea, phlegm rhinitis, car heavy vehicle traffic front home, education, non-smoking exposure environmental tobacco smoke associated higher levels. At centre level, adjusted means scores moderately levels (slope 1.43m gm � 3 , standard error 0.40, r ¼ 0.61).