Protein phase separation and determinants of in cell crystallization.

摘要: Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in cells is known as a complex physicochemical process causing the formation of membrane-less organelles (MLOs). Cells have well-defined different membrane-surrounded like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, peroxisomes, etc., however, on demand they can create MLOs stress granules, nucleoli and P bodies to cover vital functions regulatory activities. However, mechanism intracellular molecule assembly into functional compartments within living cell remains till now not fully understood. vitro vivo investigations unveiled that emerge after preceding liquid-liquid, liquid-gel, liquid-semi-crystalline, or liquid-crystalline separations. liquid-gel form majority cellular events, while occurrence micro-sized crystals was only rarely observed, however be considered result protein event. In vivo, also termed cellulo crystals, are reported since 1853. some cases, been linked functions, such storage detoxification. associated diseases cataract, hemoglobin C diseases, etc. Therefore, better knowledge about involved molecular processes will support drug discovery cure related crystallization. We summarize physical chemical determinants today required for initiation crystal growth. recent years it has demonstrated LLPS plays crucial role compartmentalization MLOs. Here we discuss potential mechanisms crowding agents