Key Roles of AXL and MER Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Resistance to Multiple Anticancer Therapies

摘要: A major challenge in anticancer treatment is the pre-existence or emergence of resistance to therapy. AXL and MER are two members TAM (TYRO3-AXL-MER) family receptor tyrosine kinases, which, when activated, can regulate tumor cell survival, proliferation, migration invasion, angiogenesis, tumor-host interactions. An increasing body evidence strongly suggests that these receptors play roles targeted therapies conventional cytotoxic agents. Multiple mechanisms exist, including direct indirect crosstalk with other activation feedback loops regulating expression activity. These may be innate, adaptive, acquired. principal role appears sustaining a mesenchymal phenotype, itself mechanism diverse therapies. Both repression innate immune response which also limit treatment. Small molecule antibody inhibitors have recently been described, some already entered clinical trials. The optimal design strategies maximize benefit targeting agents discussed relation different cancer types encountered. One challenges successful development will application robust predictive biomarkers for clear-cut patient stratification.