Diurnal and nocturnal herbivore induction on maize elicit different innate response of the fall armyworm parasitoid, Campoletis flavicincta

摘要: Herbivore-attacked plants produce specific volatile substances that represent important cues for host finding by natural enemies. The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a voracious herbivore and usually feed on maize in all periods of the day. Given plant needs light to synthesize de novo herbivore-induced volatiles, blend may be changed depending time day induced, what could interfere enemy foraging. In this sense, current study aimed investigate differential attractiveness elicited regurgitant under dark conditions its specialist larval parasitoid Campoletis flavicincta (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). All bioassays were conducted Y-tube olfactometer assess response odors from undamaged maize, mechanical damage, regurgitant-treated at 0–1, 5–6, 24–25 h after induction. results showed naive wasps attracted volatiles emitted nocturnal 5–6 h, but not diurnal plants. likely due composition as emit aromatic compounds homoterpene (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene larger amounts than diurnal-treated