Fight-flight or freeze-hide? Personality and metabolic phenotype mediate physiological defence responses in flatfish

摘要: Survival depends on appropriate behavioural and physiological responses to danger. In addition active 'fight-flight' defence responses, a passive 'freeze-hide' response is adaptive in some contexts. However, the mechanisms determining which individuals choose given remain poorly understood. We examined relationships among personality, metabolic performance stress across an environmental gradient olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. employed four assays document existence of two distinct types ('bold' 'shy') this species. found consistent differences between type gradient: shy had overall lower aerobic scope, maximum rate standard than bold both high (25 ppt) low (3 salinity. These translated into divergent during acute stress: adopted by reducing their oxygen consumption rates (akin shallow breathing) whereas increasing respiration. strategies were repeatable within salinity treatments. Although it has been suggested theoretically, first empirical evidence that stressful situations differs individuals. Our results emphasize importance incorporating measures understand driving persistent inter-individual animals.