Markers of Vascular Damage and Repair

摘要: Damage to endothelial cells is a crucial event during the pathogenesis of vasculitis. The vasculitides cause different clinical manifestations, depending on extent and acuity damage as well their preponderance affect some organ-specific spare others. About 40 years ago circulating (CEC) were first observed in peripheral blood. Since then CEC have been established reliable indicator vascular injury more sophisticated detection techniques, such immunomagnetic isolation fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), become available detect enumerate them. Based current concepts pathogenesis, detached cells, and/or soluble cellular debris, must be detectable blood vasculitis patients. In hindsight, it therefore surprising that for many few, if any, attempts made evaluate use clinically relevant markers damage. Endothelial Microparticles (eMP) described another potential marker eMP are activation, or apoptosis. They product exocytic budding consist cytoplasmic components phospholipids. Fluorescence-activated (FACS) preferred technology isolating MP surface parent used. can reflect activation damage, although differences between remain ill-defined. Another approach measuring assay markers, thrombomodulin von Willebrand factor. However, these also limitations. It worthwhile remember all approaches struggle with fact expressed non-endothelial (Table 1). More recently, interest has focused repair progenitor studied, again methodologies. Recent evidence revealed interesting interactions healthy endothelium vitro relevance findings human disease vivo remains unclear. Here, we review We discuss implications utility, limitations each approach. Finally, phenotype CEC, mechanisms detachment other subsets.