A model of the terrestrial ionosphere in the altitude interval 50–4000 km II. Molecular ions (N 2 + , NO + , O 2 + ) and electron density
作者： W. K�hnlein
DOI: 10.1007/BF00058139
关键词: Electron density 、 Altitude 、 Diurnal temperature variation 、 Ionosphere 、 Physics 、 Atmospheric models 、 Atmospheric sciences 、 Millstone Hill 、 Daytime 、 Incoherent scatter
摘要: Empirical models of molecular ion densities (N2 +, NO+, O2 +) and the electron density (N e ) are presented in altitude interval 50–4000 km as functions time (diurnal, annual), space (position, altitude) solar flux (F 10.7). Using observations 6 satellites (AE-C, AE-D, AE-E, ALOUETTE-2, ISIS-1, ISIS-2), 4 incoherent scatter stations (Arecibo, Jicamarca, Millstone Hill, St Santin) more than 700 D-region profiles, this model describes global gross features ionosphere for quiet geophysical conditions (K p ≦ 3). The increase with increasing up to a maximum (or several maxima) - decrease from thereon height. Between ~80 200 km, main ionic constituents NO+ O2 +; below cluster ions predominating. During local summer N around polar latitudes correspondingly during winter. diurnal variations intrinsically coupled individual plasma layers; general, enhanced daytime depleted nighttime (for details exceptions, see text).
springer.com
harvard.edu
sci-hub.se 参考文章(70)
James M. Headrick, Joseph F. Thomason, J. L. Lloyd, Donald L. Lucas, Computer Techniques for Planning and Management of OTH Radars ,(1972)
Sigrid K. Llewellyn, Rodney B. Bent, Documentation and Description of the Bent Ionospheric Model Defense Technical Information Center. ,(1973) , 10.21236/AD0772733
T.A. Jacobsen, P. Lämmerzahl, E. Hettmannsperger, D. Krankowsky, J. Tröim, B.N. Maehlum, Results from a rocket measurement of the neutral and ionized lower F-region composition in association with an auroral arc COSPAR: Space Research#R##N#Proceedings of the Open Meetings of the Working Groups on Physical Sciences of the Twenty-First Plenary Meeting of COSPAR, Innsbruck, Austria, 29 May–10 June 1978. ,vol. 21, pp. 321- 324 ,(1978) , 10.1016/B978-0-08-023417-5.50058-2
K. Rawer, Kiril Serafimov, C. M. Minnis, Towards an improved international reference ionosphere : proceedings of the URSI/COSPAR Workshop held in Stare Zagora, Bulgaria, 30th August-3rd September 1983 Published for the Committee on Space Research by Pergamon Press. ,(1984)
Rocco S. Narcisi, Mass Spectrometer Measurements in the Ionosphere Physics and Chemistry of Upper Atmospheres. ,vol. 35, pp. 171- 183 ,(1973) , 10.1007/978-94-010-2542-3_17
U. Herrmann, P. Eberhardt, M.A. Hidalgo, E. Kopp, L.G. Smith, METAL IONS AND ISOTOPES IN SPORADIC E-LAYERS DURING THE PERSEID METEOR SHOWER Space Research. ,vol. 20, pp. 249- 252 ,(1978) , 10.1016/B978-0-08-022021-5.50056-2
Yu.K. Chasovitin, V.B. Shushkova, ELECTRON DENSITY VARIATIONS IN THE POLAR REGION FROM 70 TO 210 KM COSPAR: Space Research#R##N#Proceedings of the Open Meetings of the Working Groups on Physical Sciences of the Twenty-First Plenary Meeting of COSPAR, Innsbruck, Austria, 29 May–10 June 1978. pp. 325- 328 ,(1979) , 10.1016/B978-0-08-023417-5.50059-4
E. Kopp, P. Eberhardt, U. Herrmann, SUMMER DAYTIME POSITIVE ION COMPOSITION IN THE D-REGION ABOVE WALLOPS ISLAND Space Research. pp. 245- 248 ,(1978) , 10.1016/B978-0-08-022021-5.50055-0
F. Arnold, D. Krankowsky, Ion Composition and Electron-and Ion-Loss Processes in the Earth’s Atmosphere dycc. pp. 93- 127 ,(1977) , 10.1007/978-94-010-1262-1_10
J. Meister, P. Eberhardt, U. Herrmann, E. Kopp, M.A. Hidalgo, C.F. Sechrist, D-REGION ION COMPOSITION DURING THE WINTER ANOMALY CAMPAIGN ON JANUARY 8, 1977 Space Research. ,vol. 20, pp. 155- 158 ,(1978) , 10.1016/B978-0-08-022021-5.50035-5