Chapter 20 The Hierarchy Debate: Tema Con Variazioni

摘要: Plac'd in this isthmus of a middle state, A being darkly wise and rudely great, With too much knowledge for the sceptic side, He hangs between; doubt to act or rest; In deem himself god beast; his Mind Body prefer; Born but die, reas'ning err…. (Alexander Pope, 1733, quoted from Lovejoy, 1973,199). Summary It is argued that ‘the’ motor-action controversy revives agelong debate on existence power ‘higher / central commanding 1 controlling’ entities, such as soul, brain, motor programme, an internal representation: ‘the hierarchy debate’. Action theories are anti-hierarchical at heart. The history decapitated frogs shows how difficult it has been positively specify antihierarchical position seventeenth century onwards. Disentangling ‘analysis’ ‘control’, acknowledging importance ‘low level autonomy’ (self-organization), may bring solution problem. Modern dynamical study self-organization (teleodynamics') most attractive starting point analysis control. Turing machines have ‘secondary’ self-reference. advantages models based upon natural top low autonomy (Turinguesque madelling') discussed evolutionary standpoint. concluded Turinguesque modelling allows understanding ‘learning’. Hence, complete will acknowledge partnership teleodynamical modelling, action incomplete modelling.