Environmentally Degradable Plastics
作者： E. S. Stevens
DOI: 10.1002/0471440264.PST482
关键词: Polycaprolactone 、 Renewable resource 、 Polyhydroxyalkanoates 、 Plastics industry 、 Biodegradation 、 Cellulose 、 Biomass 、 Waste management 、 Organic chemistry 、 Incineration 、 Materials science
摘要: The relationship between plastics and the environment is a topic of current interest to government agencies, industry, general public. During 1990s, standardization organizations (ASTM, CEN, ISO) defined terms such as degradable, biodegradable, compostable, developed specifications for labeling prerequisites; ISO began formulate life-cycle assessment (LCA) programs. In some applications (eg, agricultural mulching film compost bags) biodegradability compostability serve intrinsic functional purposes; in others packaging, food service items, consumer products) they allow disposal by composting, thereby avoiding incineration landfilling. Activated polyolefins degrade, but standards are not compostable. Petroleum-based synthetics that biodegradable compostable include poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(glycolic acid), polycaprolactone; synthetic copolyesters poly(ester amides) Commercialized polymers obtained from renewable resources (biomass) cellulose, starch, poly(lactic microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates, polymerized vegetable oils. LCA has shown many these have lower environmental impacts than conventional petroleum-based plastics. Their properties can be varied through use derivitization, additives, blends. Many other polymeric materials been studied laboratory yet commercialized. future prospects green depend on technological developments enhance attributes, improve performance, costs. Keywords: environment; degradable; biodegradable; compostable; starch; poly(lactic acid); polyolefins; triglycerides
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