Measurement of Small Surface Displacements Induced by Fluid Flow

摘要: Fluid flow to wells produces strain that has been measured as horizontal, vertical, and rotational displacements of reference points fixed on the ground surface. Most linear were between 1 100 microns, angular a few microradians. Of various devices used make measurements, horizontal extensometer proved be most accurate versatile. measurements made effects produced by pumping for 5 30 minutes. Such are almost entirely elastic, except in some geologically recent materials. Deflections land surface resembled theoretical deflections caused point load plate infinite extent resting an elastic foundation. Significant was all materials tested, suggesting accepted equations fluid discharge from might modified special conditions near wells.