Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeographic History of the Armored Neotropical Catfish Subfamilies Hypoptopomatinae, Neoplecostominae and Otothyrinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

摘要: The main objectives of this study are estimate a species-dense, time-calibrated molecular phylogeny Hypoptopomatinae, Neoplecostominae, and Otothyrinae, which together comprise group armoured catfishes that is widely distributed across South America, to place the origin major clades in time space, demonstrate role river capture on patterns diversification these taxa. We used maximum likelihood Bayesian methods 115 loricariid species, using three mitochondrial one nuclear genes generate matrix 4,500 base pairs, parametric biogeographic analyses ancestral geographic ranges infer effects events distributions Our analysis recovered Otothyrinae as monophyletic with strong statistical support, Neoplecostominae more closely related than Hypoptopomatinae. ancestral-area estimations indicate an during Lower Eocene Atlantic Coastal Drainages, from it possible several dispersal adjacent basins Neogene. In conclusion we influence in: (1) accumulation modern clade species-richness values; (2) formation basin-wide species assemblages, (3) presence many low-diversity, early-branching lineages restricted Drainages. further importance headwater stream marine transgressions shaping throughout America.