Single-host pathogen effects on mortality and behavioral responses to predators in salamanders (Urodela: Ambystomatidae)

摘要: Pathogens can alter host behavior and affect the outcome of predator-prey interactions. Acute phase re- sponses hosts (e.g., a change in activity level or behavioral fever) often signal an infection, but ecological conse- quences changes largely are unexplored, particularly for directly transmitted (i.e., single-host) pathogens. We performed three experiments to test hypothesis that pathogen, Ambystoma tigrinum virus (ATV), alters Sonoran tiger salamanders (Ambystoma stebbinsi Lowe, 1954) enhances predation. In first experiment, salamander larvae exposed ATV experienced 48% lower mortality from dragonfly Anax junius (Drury, 1773) than those controls. Second, uninfected infected nonlethal (caged) presence predators did not significantly differ their distance predator. Infected sig- nificantly increased relative controls predator-free conditions. Finally, ATV-infected preferred warmer temperatures larvae, reared at thermal maximum all died. High yet retention effective antipredator responses likely benefits because this single-host pathogen relies on survival transmission. Preference may be associ- ated with response pathogens help fight infection. Resume : Les pathogenes peuvent alterer le comportement de leurs hotes et affecter resultat des interactions predateurs-proies. reactions aigue (par exemple, un changement niveau d'activite ou une fievre com- portementale) l'hote indiquent souvent l'existence d'une infection; mais, les consequences ecologiques change- ments restent en grande partie inexplores, particulierement dans cas transmis directement, c'est-a-dire ceux qui n'ont qu'un seul hote. Nous avons fait trois experiences pour verifier l'hypothese selon laquelle pathogene, d'Ambystoma l'hote, la salamandre tigree du Sonora 1954), augmente Dans premiere experience, larves exposees experimentalement au subissent mortalite due aux libellules ju- nius inferieure 48 % celles temoins. seconde infectees non salamandres letale predateurs (en cages) ne different pas par qu'elles maintiennent entre elles predateurs. En l'absence predateurs, augmentent si- gnificativement leur comparaison Enfin, preferent significativement plus elevees que infectees, mais ont ete gardees tempera- ture maximale sont toutes mortes. Le accru meme temps efficaces contre vraisemblablement benefiques ATV, parce ce pathogene n'a hote qu'il depend survie cet assurer sa La preference peut etre reliee reaction aider combattre l'infection.