Developing conservation governance strategies: holistic management of protected areas in Nepal

摘要: The Buffer Zone (BZ) concept has been introduced in Nepal as a key component of the national biodiversity conservation strategy to mitigate impacts protected areas on local communities, and thereby reduce adverse people areas. Unlike traditional programmes which are mostly limited creating protective layer and/or distributing economic benefits people, management approach integrates livelihoods issues their linkages more holistic balanced manner. programme successful establishing network community institutions mobilising large numbers communities development. research findings clearly indicate that current based park revenue sharing for development developing positive attitudes among towards There is also evidence improvement condition forests decrease pressure inside basic forestry resources. BZ feel empowered by programme. These outputs suggest if properly designed, can achieve both objectives ensuring long-term integrity areas. At same time, however, revealed existing incentives institutional arrangements adopted were necessary but not sufficient address present potential challenges Chitwan National Park. need use additional instruments demonstrate viable governance expand into beyond boundaries greater stability Any seeking make tangible conservation, livelihood should have five elements, namely; incentive, empowerment, education, enforcement integration (IEEEI); appropriate policy frameworks implement them an integrated way. If such inclusion, equity, empowerment incorporated policies management, could be promoted model sustainable situated human dominated landscape.