Routes of Administration

摘要: Publisher Summary Substances such as chemical elements, compounds, drugs, antibodies, cells, or other agents may be administered by different routes. This chapter discusses the administration routes, techniques and guidelines for safe injection volumes, sites of administration. Rats can trained to accept handling restraining become familiar with their handlers. Though time-consuming, it is essential minimize distress. All procedures should therefore carried out only persons well known animal. The simplest method administering substances mix them food drinking water. It possible administer directly into stomach accurate dosages reliable timing. When a liquid volume gavage substantial amount dose passes rapidly through small intestine. Intragastric using special blunt-ended, curved, straight needle ball tip. tip helps prevent from damaging oesophagus passing glottal opening trachea. Further, parenteral involves application substance body in manner that gastrointestinal tract. Giving amounts solutions called an injection, while larger quantities named infusion. In both cases skin must penetrated needle. Other methods include subcutaneous intraperitoneal implantation osmotic pump and, without penetrating skin, inhalation topical application.