Medicinal Chemistry and Applications of Incretins and DPP-4 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

摘要: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major metabolic disorder currently affecting over 200 million people worldwide. Approximately 90% of all diabetic patients suffer from Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The world's economy coughs out billions dollars annually to diagnose, treat and manage with diabetes. It has been shown that the naturally occurring gut hormones incretins, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) can preserve morphology function pancreatic beta cell. In addition, GIP GLP-1 act on insulin receptors facilitate insulin-receptor binding, resulting in optimal glucose metabolism. This review examines medicinal chemistry roles specifically, drugs which mimic its actions prevent enzymatic degradation. discussed agonists such as exenatide, liraglutide, taspoglutide albiglutide. paper also identified reviewed number inhibitors, block dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), enzyme responsible for rapid degradation GLP-1. These DPP-4 inhibitors include sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin many others are still experimental phase.