Toxicology and ecotoxicology of para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) – a new predator control tool for stoats and feral cats in New Zealand

摘要: Para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) paste was approved as a stoat control agent in New Zealand by the Environmental Protection Authority August 2011 and for feral cat November 2011. PAPP originally researched Europe USA treatment cyanide radiation poisoning. Over last 10 years, our research has focused on several factors, including determining its toxicity to predators, field effectiveness controlling stoats cats, animal welfare profile, toxicology, ecotoxicology, understanding reducing non-target risks. been developed specifically of cats because special sensitivity displayed these species. Its is mediated induction methaemoglobinaemia (the ferric state haemoglobin). Normally, methaemoglobin levels blood are below 1%. Levels above 70% usually fatal, creating lethal deficit oxygen cardiac muscle brain. In death after dose occurs within 2 h eating bait, with clinical signs first appearing 20 min at around 35 cats. Animals become lethargic sleepy before they die, hence relatively humane. A simple antidote exists, namely methylene blue. Further, birds display lack when compared other vertebrate pesticides. containing 40% use meat baits Zealand. toxic achieved pea-sized amounts delivered 10–20 g baits. When applied bait stations settings, numbers can be rapidly reduced. However, there limited practical experience date, especially alternative tools such traps or sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) Additional should enable effective tool help protect native species from introduced predators. future, will long-life resetting toxin delivery system.