A proof of concept study demonstrating that environmental levels of carbamazepine impair early stages of chick embryonic development.

摘要: Abstract Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an anticonvulsant drug used for epilepsy and other disorders. Prescription of CBZ during pregnancy increases the risk congenital malformations. ubiquitous in effluents persistent wastewater treatment. Thus, it re-introduced into agricultural ecosystems upon irrigation with reclaimed wastewater. People consuming produce irrigated were found to be exposed CBZ. However, environmental concentrations (μg L−1) are magnitudes lower than its therapeutic levels (μg ml−1), raising question whether how affect embryonic development. The chick embryo a powerful highly sensitive amniotic model system that enables assess contaminants living organism. Since development similar mammalians, yet, develops egg, toxic effects can directly analyzed well-controlled without maternal influences. This research utilized test embryo-toxic by using morphological, cellular, molecular imaging strategies. Three key stages monitored: after blastulation (st.1HH), gastrulation/neurulation (st.8HH) organogenesis (st.15HH). Here we demonstrate relevant impair morphogenesis dose- stage- dependent manner. Effects on gastrulation, neural tube closure, differentiation proliferation exhibited early exposing embryos dose as low 0.1 μg L−1. Quantification developmental progression revealed significant difference total score obtained CBZ-treated compared controls (up 5-fold difference, p  study provides first evidence teratogenic effect environmental-relevant but not late These findings call in-depth analysis ensure presence drugs causing irreversible ecological public-health damages.