Selection of Surfactants for the Removal of Petroleum Products from Shallow Sandy Aquifers

摘要: Soil and ground-water contamination by petroleum products, such as gasoline oils, is widespread. A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the relative suitability of 10 commercial surfactants for washing residual levels automatic transmission fluid (ATF) from sandy material. The included at least one example each four main groups surfactants: (1) ethoxylated alcohols (nonionic), (2) nonylphenols (3) sulfates (anionic), (4) sulfonates (anionic). Several properties aqueous solutions (0.00001 5.0% v/v) were measured used in evaluating their suitability. extent dispersion soil colloids turbidity (in formazin units, FTU) soil/surfactant solution mixtures. detergency surfactant which they solubilized ATF measured. critical micelle concentration, ranged 0.05 5.0 percent, select concentration experiments. amount removed sand about 23% with water more than 80% ethyoxylated alcohol surfactants. best a 0.5% either alkoxylated ether, alcohol, or nonylphenol ether sulfate. An selected scale-up field tests because this caused low soil-colloid high solubilization, effective