Recent trends in minimum income protection for Europe's elderly

摘要: In Europe, the elderly stand out for their heavy reliance on welfare state arrangements securing living standard. spite of relatively high at-risk-of-poverty rates in many EU member states, past two decades have witnessed a tendency to re-strengthen link between contributions and pension benefi ts, rely more strongly private pensions. At same time, public replacement are projected decrease large number European countries. this context, minimum income protection Europe’s is likely become even important alleviating poverty than case today. Yet, schemes targeted at remained largely undocumented international literature. Therefore, chapter reviews existing policies Europe develops typology based entitlement eligibility criteria. Building data from project involving national experts 25 it shown that 2000s erosion persons’ non-contributory guarantees has been limited. Moreover, substantial countries pursued deliberate policy increases ts elderly. Nonetheless, only few adequate lifting persons above line. differences states terms mode access t levels remain large.