Nuclear, internuclear, and supranuclear ocular motor disorders.

摘要: Abstract In the brainstem, lateral and vertical eye movements are controlled by separate structures, former mainly in pons latter midbrain. The abducens nucleus (VI) controls all ipsilateral movements, i.e., saccades as well horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). This contains abduction motoneurons, but also internuclear neurons involved adduction, passing through contralateral medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) before relaying third-nerve Lesions affecting result complete movement paralysis, lesions damaging MLF ophthalmoplegia, whereas an association of these two leads to “one-and-a-half” syndrome. Ipsilateral paramedian pontine reticular formation located close sixth nucleus, VOR is vestibular nucleus. Vertical third- fourth-nerve nuclei A lesion unilaterally results paralysis a upgaze because decussation superior rectus at level nuclei. rostral interstitial (riMLF) Downward upward saccade from bilateral riMLF damage usually unilateral region posterior commissure, suggesting that suprareticular control types distinct.