The Relativity of Relative Brain Measures and Hominid Mosaic Evolution

摘要: Several developments in recent years have renewed interest finding measures or parameters to characterize brain and body size relationships both quantitatively objectively. Among three the most outstanding are 1) a deepening appreciation understanding of all metric evolutionary change formal comparisons among extant species (Bauchot Stephan, 1969; Gould, 1973; Holloway, 1976; 1979; Jerison, Passingham, Passingham Ettlinger, 1975; Sacher, Stephan et al., 1970; Hemmer, 1971; Leutenegger, 1973); 2) publication Jerison’s (1973) volume on intelligence perspective; 3) attempts quantify certain early hominid specimens by physical anthropologists, McHenry (1974,1975) Holloway (1975); 4) designation (Johansen White, 1979) Hadar Laetoli (Ethiopia Tanzania, respectively) hominids new taxon, Australopithecus afarensis, taxon clearly having small ape-sized brain, yet with other morphological attributes indicative true status (e.g., bipedality, dentition).