THE WATER RELATIONS AND IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS OF BANANA ( MUSA SPP .)

摘要: The results of research on the water relations and irrigation need banana are collated summarised in an attempt to link fundamental studies crop physiology practices. Background information ecology development processes, with emphasis root growth uptake, is presented, followed by reviews influence stress gas exchange (stomatal conductance, photosynthesis transpiration), use, yield. Emphasis placed that has international relevance and, where appropriate, three geographical areas (the tropics, subtropics Mediterranean climates) considered. Although roots can extend depths 1.0–1.5 m, ‘effective’ depth rooting usually taken be 0–0.40 sometimes extending 0.60 m. Stomatal conductance a sensitive measure soil availability plant status, whilst transpiration rates limited dry air (saturation deficits >2.0 kPa). In subtropics, there seasonal differences coefficient (Kc) values ranging from 0.6 winter months about 1.0 Epan summer. It difficult draw generic conclusions wide applicability experiments as they were reported. All components marketable yield enhanced applying insufficient delays development. Annual responses variable, but use efficiencies 40 kg ha−1 mm−1 (fresh fruit/water applied) have been achieved tropics (and elsewhere up 80 ‘partial’ replacement deficit). To ensure large yields (marketable) fruit, must kept low (Ψm > −20 kPa at 0.2 m depth). this means intervals should not exceed 2–3 d during cooling effect micro-sprinklers pseudostem temperatures, compared drippers, delay reduce annual 30%. There some (limited) evidence presence B genome contributes drought tolerance. Yield response factors for different stages yet confirmed. Opportunities improve productivity many, diverse cultivars explored further.