Wildlife social learning should inform sustainable tourism management

摘要: Can wildlife learn harmful and maladaptive behaviours from each other? If so, insights into social learning among animal populations in response to anthropogenic stimuli are of wide interest applicability. Donaldson et al. (2012) address human–wildlife interactions involving food provision. ‘Food-conditioned’ animals subject operant conditioning which about arises repeated exposure human stimuli, behavioural responses those reinforcement because reward (Whittaker & Knight, 1998; Samuels Bejder, 2004). In this paper, carefully negotiate the asocial/social dichotomy. The former individual availability (e.g. species that receive limited maternal care solitary as juveniles adults). However, provisioning may also arise through cases where repeatedly exposed feeding conspecifics exploit foods. Operant describes a process be acquired individually or socially (Sargeant Mann, 2009). Social then facilitative supplementary. specific focus paper is long-term illegal bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) by members recreational fishing community Cockburn Sound, south-western Australia. available case, exist within complex structures involve extended juvenile dependence enduring relationships between (Connor al., 2000; Lusseau, 2003; Sargeant Two variables emerge analysis predictors accept recreationists engaged fishing; use areas with high densities boats association previously conditioned dolphins. harmfulness such learned include increased morbidity/ mortality, interventions ‘problem’ (which culling) and, therefore, compromised sustainability resulting loss economic opportunities. These findings highlight function determining development behaviour stimuli. They should motivate others explore how these extend beyond provision (to other stimuli) range applied fields. One important application sustainable tourism management. Knight (2009: p. 180) observes we now live ‘. . an age when our visual appetite for has never been greater’. Wildlife viewing rapidly moved mainstream commercial (Knight, More species, including cetaceans, have become global interest, tourists seek observe critical care, wild. International Fund Animal Welfare estimates whale watching industry exceeds $2.1 billion per annum, catering 13 million watchers, generating 000 jobs (O’Connor 2010). Neves (2010) evolution one form periodic transformation capitalist economy, it transition raises likelihood intensive prolonged business their clients. wild context unusual but does occur (Orams, 1995). broadly, animals, common past bear Yellowstone National Park; Davis, Wellwood Ciarniello, 2002) continues some contexts, both directly attract pelagic birds, sharks) indirectly attraction camp sites storage disposal, This questions diminished reduced ‘wildness’ associated efforts (deliberate otherwise) make viewable relevance provisioning, forms swimming dolphins) bow riding – they swim ‘ride’ crests waves formed front moving boats) increase bs_bs_banner