The effects of hygroscopicity on ice nucleation of fossil fuel combustion aerosols in mixed-phase clouds

摘要: Abstract. Fossil fuel black carbon and organic matter (ffBC/OM) are often emitted together with sulfate, which coats the surface of these particles changes their hygroscopicity. Observational studies at cirrus temperatures (≈−40 °C) show that hygroscopicity soot can modulate ice nucleation ability. Here, we implement a scheme for 3 categories (hydrophobic, hydrophilic hygroscopic) on basis laboratory data specify ability to act as nuclei mixed-phase by extrapolating observations using published deposition/condensation/immersion freezing parameterization. The new results in significant anthropogenic forcing clouds. net our offline model varies from 0.111 1.059 W m−2 depending capability hygroscopic particles. total cloud whole-sky 0.06 −2.45 m−2, respectively, but could be more positive (by about 1.17 m−2) if allowed nucleate change liquid water path dominates