Unemployment, disability and life expectancy in the United States: A life course study.

摘要: Abstract Background Unemployment may be associated with health through factors including stress, depression, unhealthy behaviors, reduced care, and loss of social networks. Little is known about associations total lifetime unemployment disability life expectancy. Hypothesis People high (≥the median) will live shorter lives more than those less unemployment. Methods Data were nationally representative African Americans non-Hispanic whites, from the Panel Study Income Dynamics (37 waves 1968–2011, n  = 7,970, mean work years = 24.7). Seven (1999–2011, 58,268 person-years) measured in activities daily living. We estimated monthly probabilities death using multinomial logistic Markov models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, status at baseline throughout life, support. used to create large populations microsimulation, each individual having status, age 40 death. analyzed measure outcomes. Results Respectively American white women men, expectancies (with 95% confidence intervals) low ages: 77.1 (75.0–78.3), 80.6 (78.4–81.4), 71.4 (69.6–72.5), 76.9 (74.9–77.9). Corresponding results were: 73.7 (71.7–75.0), 77.5 (75.1–78.0), 68.4 (66.8–69.0), (71.5–74.3). The percentage disabled was greater same groups, by 23.9%, 21.0%, 21.3%, 21.1% (all p Conclusions High a larger proportion later lower