Testing environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: The role of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and trade in OECD countries
作者： Mehdi Ben Jebli , Slim Ben Youssef , Ilhan Ozturk
DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOLIND.2015.08.031
关键词: Economics 、 Kuznets curve 、 Non-renewable resource 、 Granger causality 、 Consumption (economics) 、 Renewable energy 、 Macroeconomics 、 Energy consumption 、 Gross domestic product 、 Per capita
摘要: This paper investigates the causal relationships between per capita CO2 emissions, gross domestic product (GDP), renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, international trade for a panel of 25 OECD countries over period 1980–2010. Short-run Granger causality tests show existence bidirectional between: consumption imports, (exports or imports); unidirectional running from: exports to energy, output energy. There are also long-run causalities all our considered variables. Our fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) dynamic (DOLS) estimates that inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis is verified this sample countries. They increasing increases emissions. Interestingly, reduces According these results, more use efficient strategies combat global warming in
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