Caractérisation des propriétés du bitume oxydé afin d'évaluer ses risques d'ignition

作者: Misael Cardona

DOI:

关键词: Specific heatMineralogyAnalytical chemistrySignificant riskChemistry

摘要: Les accidents, incendies et explosions, imputes aux activites d’application du bitume fondu sur les toitures, sont frequents. La problematique touche a des accidents d’envergures diverses : mineurs reservoirs mobiles, blessures graves resultant de l'exposition vapeurs, incendies, explosions mort d'ouvriers lors d’activites chauffage. Dans nombreux cas, la surchauffe l’accumulation gaz l’interieur mobiles l’origine ces accidents. difficultes liees manipulation peuvent se resumer une meconnaissance proprietes physico-chimiques produit ses risques d’inflammation, couplee lacunes au niveau criteres techniques importants dans conception bitume. Ce projet vise donc :  Determiner plus importantes oxyde, telles que densite, viscosite, chaleur specifique leur variation avec temperature.  Caracteriser d’inflammabilite point d’eclair, temperature d’auto-ignition concentration limite d’oxygene.  Modeliser le mecanisme decomposition thermique un analyseur thermogravimetrique determiner energies d’activation vitesses reaction.  composes organiques volatils emis par haute temperature, protocole d'analyse couplant chromatographie en phase gazeuse spectrometrie masse. Les resultats indiquent temperatures d’operation (200-230 °C) dangereusement proches points d’eclair (300-320 °C). d'auto-inflammation (430-440 °C), bien elevee, peut etre atteinte surface elements chauffants. d’oxygene (15-16 %) durant operations dechargement produit, quand ouverts contact l’atmosphere. L’analyse oxyde montre est pyrolyse trois etapes, premiere ayant lieu entre 200 250 °C, deuxieme entre vi 300 350 °C derniere superieures 400 respectives 52 kJ mol-1, 132 mol-1 228 mol-1. Pour pertes masse (3% pour pyrolyse). Ceci indique devenir importante atteindre limites d’explosivite. L’analyse GC-MS presence d’alcanes grand nombre carbones. Ces hydrocarbures constituent risque important d’auto-inflammabilite d’explosion. De plus, basse suggere pourrait augmenter pendant soufres, tels benzothiophenes naphtothiophenes, implique qu’ils s’accumuler l’espace situe au-dessus reagir rouille conduire sulfure fer pyrophorique. ---------- Accidents, fires and attributed applying molten bitumen to roofs, are frequent. The issue touches at different scales: minor of mobile reservoirs, serious injuries resulting from the exposure hot vapors, fires, death workers during heating. In numerous cases, hydrocarbon vapours accumulate in when is overheated. These vapors origin many difficulties associated can be poor understanding physical-chemical properties product its risks inflammation, coupled with lack technical criteria design reservoirs. The objectives this project are:  To determine most oxidized bitumen, as density, viscosity, specific heat characterize flammability released while heated: flash autoignition limit oxygen.  model bitumen’s thermal thermogravimetric analyzer estimate their activation reaction rates.  volatile organic compounds high-temperature by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The results indicate that operating (200-230°C) approach (300-320°C) auto-inflammation (430-440°C), although much higher, could reached on heating elements. minimum oxygen (MOC) attained inside opened atmosphere. According analysis, pyrolyzes three stages: between 200-250°C, 300-350°C, 400-450°C, KJ Mol-1 , Mol-1, respectively. Between200-230°C, 3% total can viii “vaporize/pyrolyze”. This fact suggests become reach limits. At high molecular weight alkanes detected (by GC-MS).These hydrocarbons constitute significant risk explode (auto inflammation). Furthermore, they also low suggesting increase sulfur compounds, such implies vapor space reservoir, which react rust initiate pyrophoric iron sulfide reaction.

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