Radiative processes in astrophysics

摘要: Chapter 1 Fundamentals of Radiative Transfer 1.1 The Electromagnetic Spectrum Elementary Properties Radiation 1.2 Flux Macroscopic Description the Propagation from an Isotropic Source-The Inverse Square Law 1.3 Specific Intensity and Its Moments Definition or Brightness Net Momentum Energy Density Pressure in Enclosure Containing Field Constancy Along Rays Free Space Proof for a Uniformly Bright Sphere 1.4 Emission Absorption Equation Optical Depth Source Function Mean Path Force 1.5 Thermal Blackbody Kirchhoff's Thermodynamics Planck Characteristic Temperatures Related to 1.6 Einstein Coefficients Relations between Terms 1.7 Scattering Effects Random Walks Pure Combined 1.8 Diffusion Rosseland Approximation Eddington Two-Stream Problems References 2 Basic Theory Fields 2.1 Review Maxwell's Equations 2.2 Plane Waves 2.3 2.4 Polarization Stokes Parameters 62 Monochromatic Quasi-monochromatic 2.5 Potentials 2.6 Applicability Geometrical Optics Limit 3 Moving Charges 3.1 Retarded Single Charges: Lienard-Wiechart 3.2 Velocity 3.3 Nonrelativistic Systems Particles Larmor's Formula Dipole General Multipole Expansion 3.4 Thomson (Electron Scattering) 3.5 Reaction 3.6 Harmonically Bound Undriven Driven Reference 4 Relativistic Covariance Kinematics 4.1 Lorentz Transformations 4.2 Four-Vectors 4.3 Tensor Analysis 4.4 Phenomena 4.5 A Physical Understanding 129 4.6 Charge 4.7 Mechanics Four-Force 4.8 Total Angular Distribution Emitted Received Power 4.9 Invariant Phase Volumes 5 Bremsstrahlung 5.1 Single-Speed Electrons 5.2 5.3 (Free-Free) 5.4 6 Synchrotron 6.1 6.2 Radiation: Qualitative Discussion 6.3 Spectral Index Power-Law Electron 6.4 Detailed 6.5 6.6 Transition Cyclotron 6.7 Distinction 6.8 Self-Absorption 6.9 Impossibility Maser Vacuum 7 Compton 7.1 Cross Section Fundamental Process at Rest Motion: 7.2 7.3 Spectra 7.4 Repeated Scatterings Finite, Medium: Y Parameter 7.5 by Small 7.6 Electrons: Kompaneets 7.7 Regimes Modified y"1 Wien Unsaturated Comptonization with Soft Photon Input 8 Plasma 8.1 Dispersion Cold, Frequency Group Refraction 8.2 Magnetic Faraday Rotation 8.3 High-Energy Processes Cherenkov Razin Effect 9 Atomic Structure 9.1 Schrodinger 9.2 One Central Wave Functions Spin 9.3 Many-Electron Statistics: Pauli Principle Hartree-Fock Approximation: Configurations Electrostatic Interaction LS Coupling 9.4 Perturbations, Level Splittings, Term Diagrams Equivalent Nonequivalent Their Spectroscopic Parity Spin-Orbit Zeeman Role Nucleus Hyperfine 9.5 Levels Ionization Equilibrium: Boltzmann Population Saha 10 Transitions 10.1 Semi-Classical Hamiltonian Probability 10.2 10.3 Oscillator Strengths 10.4 Selection Rules 10.5 Rates Bound-Bound Hydrogen Bound-Free (Continuous Absorption) Recombination - Milne Schemes Determination f Values 10.6 Line Broadening Mechanisms Doppler Natural Collisional Profiles 11 Molecular 11.1 Born-Oppenheimer An Order Magnitude Estimate 11.2 Electronic Binding Nuclei H2+ Ion H2 Molecule 11.3 Frequencies 11.4 Rotation-Vibration Morse Potential 11.5 Electronic-Rotational-Vibrational Solutions