West Nile Virus Infection

摘要: West Nile virus (WNV) is an arthropod-borne transmitted mainly by mosquito bites. Wild avifauna constitutes its natural reservoir. Mammals are dead-end hosts as they generally do not develop a viraemia high enough to trigger new infection cycle. WNV belongs the Flavivirus genus and can be responsible for disease known WN fever. Humans horses most sensitive may severe neurological signs. has worldwide distribution caused numerous outbreaks since late 1990s, notably in North America Europe. Lineage 1 strains have date. However, situation recently evolved with emergence 2000s of pathogenic lineage 2 South Africa, Russia Eastern Southern Many developments fields diagnosis vaccination been described recent years help control spread. Key Concepts West zoonotic arbovirus mosquitoes. It enveloped, positive-stranded RNA belonging family Flaviviridae. WNV wide geographical range that includes Europe, Middle East, Western Asia, Australia (Kunjin virus) North, Central America. Most infections asymptomatic, but fever (10–20% infections) or signs (1–10% humans horses. Humans hosts. Since begun emerge. Diagnosis difficult flaviviruses antigenically related. There no effective drugs treatments against infections. Approved vaccines available equids, human under development. Control largely depends on vector measures interventions. Keywords: West Nile; Flavivirus; arthropod-borne infection; RNA virus; neuroinvasive; emergence; human; horse; bird