Regime Shifts in Balinese Subaks

摘要: Ecosystems may undergo nonlinear responses to stresses or perturbations. Hence there can be more than one stable state regime. It is not known whether alternate regimes also occur in coupled social-ecologica-l systems, which the potential for intricate feedbacks between natural and social processes. To find out, we investigated management of rice paddies by Balinese farmers, where ecological processes impose constraints on timing spatial scale collective action. We environmental conditions eight traditional community irrigation systems (subaks) along a river Bali test intuition that older demographically subaks function differently those with less populations. Results confirm existence two attractors, sharply contrasting patterns interactions. The transition pathway basins attraction dominated differences efficacy sanctions ...