Helical ct of urinary tract stones : Epidemiology, origin, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management

摘要: Imaging studies play a major role in the diagnosis and management of patients with acute chronic urinary lithiasis. An understanding etiology pathophysiology this very common disease provides necessary framework for explaining imaging findings themselves. Despite its many inherent disadvantages including potential risk contrast material reactions, intravenous urography (IVU) has been standard technique over 50 years to identify tract stone disease. As newer modalities have become available, each turn applied lithiasis hope providing less invasive more rapid evaluation these patients. There seemed be little surpassing sensitivity IVU detecting ureteral obstruction or ability provide useful physiologic information. Recent developments CT technology improved image quality markedly reduced examination times. entire abdomen pelvis can now obtained few short breathholds. These factors, combined unsurpassed tissue images, recently allowed modality choice flank pain suspected obstruction. Virtually all stones are sufficient x-ray attenuation visible on CT, which is not true any other technique, giving greatest accurately localize calculi. In sections that follow, we review important clinical aspects disease, discuss available modalities, focus use unenhanced helical We detail findings, pitfalls, basis findings.