Subsurface and Surface Water Flow Interactions

摘要: Groundwater and surface water are major system components in the hydrologic cycle that interact continuously a wide variety of landscapes climate conditions. Due to these interactions, overdraft from one has potential deplete other, contamination can lead degradation quality other. Following storm events, saturated riparian banks release stored gradually sustain streamflow during prolonged no-rain and/or drought periods. The so supplies necessary moisture vegetation aquatic ecosystems both inland along stream corridors coastlines. Shallow restrictive geologic strata cause some infiltrating move parallel soil as interflow often aided by preferential flow paths contribute subsurface flow. In hillslopes, part may reappear on return During after intense rainfall table near rises ground contributes saturation overland (or excess) runoff variable source areas (Freeze 1974). Thus, waters complex ways generate streamflow. Lakes wetlands recharge ultimately baseflow, or serve locus points groundwater discharge. interactions lakes phenomena; systems sometimes act flow-through where flows into side discharges downgradient other (Anderson Munter 1981). Without adequate management, excessive pumping an aquifer result depletion streams impairment ecosystems. These various modes exhibit spatiotemporal behaviors scale dependent. An understanding basic principles physical laws governing exchanges between water, therefore, is needed, including tools for modeling at multiple scales, not only sound management resources, but also maintenance healthy ecological systems.