Human Tolerance to Rapidly Applied Accelerations: A Summary of the Literature

摘要: The literature is surveyed to determine human tolerance rapidly applied accelerations. Pertinent and animal experiments applicable space flight crash impact forces are analyzed discussed. These data compared presented on the basis of a trapezoidal pulse. effects body restraint acceleration direction, onset rate, plateau duration maximum tolerable survivable accelerations shown. Results survey indicate that adequate torso extremity primary variable in harness, or system, must be arranged transmit major portion accelerating force directly pelvic structure not via vertebral column. When conditions have been met, then other variables, magnitude, rate accelerations, govern injury limits. results also adequately stressed aft-faced passenger seats offer complete support with minimum objectionable harnessing. Such seat, whether designed for 20-, 30-, 40-G dynamic loading, would include lap strap, chest (axillary) winged-back seat increase headward lateral G protection, full-height integral head rest, arm rests (load-bearing) recessed hand-holds provisions prevent arms from slipping either laterally beyond back, leg keep legs being wedged under seat. For crew members others whose duties require forward-facing seats, requires lap, shoulder, thigh straps, lap-belt tie-down back support.