Industrial ecosystem indicators—direct and indirect effects of integrated waste- and by-product management and energy production

摘要: In an idealised industrial ecosystem (IE), firms and organisations utilise each other's material energy flows including wastes by-products to reduce the system's virgin input as well waste emission output from system a whole, contribute sustainable development (SD). IE complements more conventional individual flow, product, process, organisation, actor or sector-focused environmental management approaches tools with network systems level approaches. The first research objective of this paper is construct indicators for IE. second task test use these "what if?" flow scenarios Satakunta region in Finland 28 municipalities. Using literature analysis source, we arrive at carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalents, economic fuel, costs revenues. social show employment effects system. analyse current situation (0-scenario) against alternative situations future. future are developed according known anticipated trends international national policy legislation. indicator application produces social, four categories: direct negative, positive, indirect negative positive. Industrial theory emphasises utilisation resource value alongside reducing waste. Therefore, positive important, focus management, which has usually been on effects. main difficulties our argument boundary definition, qualitatively different nature environmental, lack qualitative interview data preferences interests actors involved.