Spectroscopic Studies on Sulfur Speciation in Synthetic and Natural Glasses

摘要: Spectroscopic methods are powerful means to obtain information on the electronic or local structure of materials. By these methods, constraints can be provided chemical state, crystal chemistry or, in non-crystalline materials, coordination environment complexation a given element. In this chapter, we focus spectroscopic techniques that provide direct insight into sulfur (S) species present glasses and melts which applicable at concentrations usually found (mostly below 1–2 wt%). Methods potentially suitable for task i) wavelength analysis X-ray emission spectra using electron microprobe), ii) absorption spectroscopy, iii) 33S NMR iv) Raman spectroscopy. For compounds such as sulfides sulfates, containing S major component, further optical spectroscopy UV-visible frequency range (UV-VIS) spin/paramagnetic resonance (ESR EPR) (e.g., Ross 1974; Wincott Vaughan 2006) useful. However, two only an indirect view because they actually probe cations, often transition metals. where is data also species, cations linked anion. glasses, minor component mostly coordinated by oxygen, it difficult link observations made cation species. Nevertheless, there some studies additional UV-VIS ESR was used constrain possible glass Beerkens 2003; Bingham et al. 2010). Here, very brief introductions will provided. more detailed introduction introduced here reader …