Review of secondary metabolites and mycotoxins from the Aspergillus niger group

摘要: Filamentous fungi in the Aspergillus section Nigri (the black aspergilli) represent some of most widespread food and feed contaminants known but they are also important workhorses used by biotechnological industry. The consists six commonly found species (excluding A. aculeatus its close relatives) from which currently 145 different secondary metabolites have been isolated and/or detected. From a human animal safety point view, mycotoxins ochratoxin A (from carbonarius less frequently niger) fumonisin B2 problematic compounds. Especially foods feeds such as coffee, nuts, dried fruits, grape-based products where fumonisin-producing fusaria not problem, fumonisins pose risk. Moreover, compounds malformins, naptho-γ-pyrones, bicoumarins (kotanins) call for monitoring food, feed, biotechnology well better toxicological evaluation, since often produced large amounts aspergilli. For chemical differentiation/identification toxic diketopiperazine asperazine can be positive marker it is consistently tubingensis (177 177 strains tested) acidus (47 47 never niger (140 tested). Naptho-γ-pyrones highest quantities all common group (A. 134 140; 169 177; 44 47; 40 40, brasiliensis 18 18; ibericus three three).