Long-term consequences of upstream impoundment

摘要: Since 1970 a large number of environmental problems have been identified as resulting from the long-term effects human impacts. Consideration activity within environment three orders impact, provides basic framework for appreciation and evaluation problems. Consequent upon dam construction, major changes flood magnitude frequency quantity calibre sediment loads (first-order impacts), will induce readjustment channel morphology ecology (second-order impacts). However, macrophytic macro-invertebrate population, example, are also adjusted to morphology—particularly shape substrate composition—so that further readjustments macrophyte populations may be effected by form (third-order