10. Powdered and liquid infant formulas: clinical and nutritional aspects

摘要: Infant formulas have been used as breastmilk substitutes for decades where adequate is not available or contraindicated the infants because of maternal neonatal conditions. Initially, infant manufactured powdered products. However after many outbreaks sepsis gastroenteritis due to bacterial contamination during production reconstitution in hospital intensive care formula kitchens, sterile, ready-to-feed liquid introduced clinical use. Additionaly, recommendation usage ready-to-feed, healthcare centers, most units switched disposable bottles developed countries. However, literature and nutritional characteristics investigated entirely. Few authors found an increased incidence regurgitation delayed growth term newborn who were fed with formulas. Similarly, a recent study, feeding intolerance first weeks life reported preterm received hospitalization. The pointed out gastric fluid pH possible emptying causes intolerance. For regaining birth weight, decreased bioavailability milk proteins higher heat damage autoclave sterilization proposed mechanisms. Further prospective studies comparing may induce development optimal techniques that minimize other microand macronutrients milk.